What is PCOS? How Does It Affect Fertility?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, commonly known as PCOS, is one of the most common hormonal conditions, affecting roughly one in ten people of reproductive age. If you have been diagnosed with PCOS, this video explains what it means, and how it may affect your fertility. PCOS is a condition that affects how the ovaries work. Normally, the ovaries release an egg each month in a process called ovulation. In PCOS, this may not happen regularly - or it may not happen at all. This is because of an imbalance in the hormones that control your reproductive cycle. Common signs of PCOS include: irregular or absent periods; excess hair growth; acne; and difficulty with weight management. Many people with PCOS also experience insulin resistance, which means the body struggles to use insulin effectively. This can contribute to weight gain, and may increase the risk of developing type two diabetes over time. PCOS is typically diagnosed using something called "The Rotterdam Criteria", when at least two of three features are present - including: Irregular periods; a raised AMH; the appearance of polycystic ovaries on ultrasound; or, one of the common side effects mentioned earlier, such as excess hair growth. Your GP or specialist can confirm the diagnosis through blood tests, and imaging. The main way PCOS affects fertility is through irregular or absent ovulation. If an egg is not released regularly, it can be more difficult to conceive naturally. However, it is important to understand that PCOS does not mean you cannot become pregnant. With the right support, many people with PCOS do conceive successfully. Lifestyle factors can play an important role in managing PCOS and supporting your fertility. A balanced diet; regular physical activity; and maintaining a healthy weight can help improve hormonal balance and may restore regular ovulation. Research suggests that even a modest reduction in weight of around five percent, can make a meaningful difference. When lifestyle changes alone are not enough, your specialist may recommend medication to encourage ovulation. Letrozole and Clomifene are commonly used first-line treatments, and can be very effective. Metformin may also be recommended to help with insulin resistance. If these approaches are not successful - your consultant may discuss gonadotrophin injections, or IVF as further options. If you have PCOS and are concerned about your fertility, early assessment can be very helpful. At Braetha, we offer: detailed hormone testing, including AMH; along with ultrasound scanning, and a personalised consultation. This allows us to build a clear picture of your situation, and plan your care accordingly. It is also important to be aware that PCOS can increase the risk of certain pregnancy complications - including gestational diabetes, and pre-eclampsia. Your clinical team will monitor you closely if you do become pregnant, and these risks can usually be managed effectively with the right care in place. Living with PCOS can also take a toll on your emotional wellbeing. If you are feeling anxious or overwhelmed, please speak to your clinical team. Support is available, including counselling, and referral to organisations such as Verity. For additional information and support: The PCOS charity, "Verity"; and the NHS website are helpful resources. If you would like to explore your fertility options, or discuss your diagnosis further, please get in touch - our team at Braetha is here to help.